Skip to main content

Exomes Research: Everything About It!

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle that contain constituents (like protein, DNA, and RNA) of the cells that secrete them. They are taken up by distant cells, where they can affect cell function and behavior.


Exosomes are vesicles, or cellular components, that exist outside of a cell. They are generally understood as having been released from cells upon fusion with an intermediate endocytic compartment, or a multivesicular body (MVB).


When the MVB fuses with the plasma membrane surrounding the cell, intraluminal vesicles are released into the extracellular matrix and become exosomes. Other types of vesicles found outside of cells include apoptotic bodies and exosomes. These are distinct types of vesicles from the exosome.


Due to the above-mentioned factors, the Global Exosome Research Market is growing at a lot faster pace. According to a research report by Astute Analytica, the global market will register a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 24.4% over the forecast period of 2023-2031.


Generation of Exomes 

Multivesicular bodies are a specialized subset of endosomes that contain membrane-bound intraluminal vesicles. Intraluminal vesicles are essentially the precursors of exosomes and form by budding into the lumen of the multivesicular body.


Most intraluminal vesicles fuse with lysosomes for subsequent degradation, while others are released into the extracellular space. The intraluminal vesicles that are secreted into the extracellular space become exosomes. This release occurs when the multivesicular body fuses with the plasma membrane.


Use of Exomes in Diagnostics 

Exosomes can function as potential biomarkers, as their contents are molecular signatures of their originating cells. Due to the lipid bilayer, exosome contents are relatively stable and protected against external proteases and other enzymes.


Consequently, exosome-based diagnostic tests are being pursued in the early detection of cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. Many exosome proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids are being explored as potential clinically relevant biomarkers.


Exosomes are also highly accessible as they are present in a wide array of biofluids (including blood, urine, saliva, tears, ascites, semen, colostrum, breast milk, amniotic fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid), creating many opportunities for liquid biopsies. 

 

Therapeutic applications of exosomes 

Different approaches to creating drug-loaded exosomes include: 

  • incorporating a drug into exosomes that have been purified from donor cells, 
  • loading cells with a drug that is then contained within exosomes, 
  • transfecting cells with DNA encoding therapeutically-active compounds that are then contained within exosomes. 

Exosomes hold huge potential as a way to complement chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in attacking cancer cells. CAR exosomes, which are released from CAR-T cells, carry CAR on their surface and express a high level of cytotoxic molecules and inhibit tumor growth. Cancer cell-derived exosomes carrying associated antigens have also been shown to recruit an antitumor immune response. 

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Top 5 Smart Speakers Tech-Savvy Can Buy!

A smart speaker is a device that responds to the voice commands a human give. It has microphones built-in so that it can listen for an activation word, take the voice request and then perform the right action, which can range from giving a voice reply or controlling a smart device. All voice assistant works on cloud-based software which means the voice of the individual by whom the command is given, is sent to a cloud server for processing, and the result is thrown out through the smart speaker. The advantage of this system is that there are few software updates to handle, and new features appear instantly on all connected smart speakers. It also means that smart speakers don’t become obsolete very fast. The above-listed applications of smart speakers and the growing popularity of smart speakers are the primary reasons for the growth of this market. According to a research report by Astute Analytica, the Global Smart Speaker Market will register a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of...

Stem Cell Therapy: Uses and Diseases that It Can Treat

Stem cell therapy is a form of regenerative medicine designed to repair damaged cells within the body by reducing inflammation and modulating the immune system. This phenomenon makes stem cell therapy a viable treatment option for various medical conditions. Stem cell therapies have been used to treat autoimmune, inflammatory, neurological, orthopedic conditions, and traumatic injuries, with studies conducted on use for Crohn's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Lupus, COPD, Parkinson's, ALS, Stroke recovery, and more. The above-listed factors are reasons for the growth of the Asia Pacific Stem Cell Therapy Market . According to a research report by Astute Analytica, the market will report a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 10.29% during the forecast period of 2023-2021. Diseases treated by Stem Cell Therapy   Stem cell therapy, a rapidly evolving field within regenerative medicine, has shown great results in curing various diseases and medical conditions. Different types of...